Newspapers / The University of North … / April 9, 1919, edition 1 / Page 1
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1 t The news in this publica tion is released for the press on receipt. THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA NEWS LETTER Published weekly by the University of North Carolina for its Bureau of Extension. APKIL 9,1919 CHAPEL HHJL, N. C. VOL. V, NO. 20 EilUoriiil Board i E. C. Branson, J. Q, deB, Hamilton, L. B. Wilson, D. D. Carroll, (J. M. McKie Entered as seoond-olass matter Noyeiuber 14, 1914, at the |Postoflloe at Chapel Hill, N, C., under the act of August 24, 1912. MARVELOUS GAINS We said last week that our gains in bread-and-meat farming in Xorth Caro lina since 1910 have been ina^rvelous. Here in brief are the facts as.figured out of the 1910 Census and the Federal Crop Reports of Dec. 1918 and Feb. 1919: 1. Since 1909 our grain crops of all sorts have risen from a total of 41 million to 79 million bushels, in round numbers. AVhich means that these crops were nearly doubled in nine years. The increase amounted to 16 bushels per inhabitant counting men, women, and children of both races. We stood still in the production of sweet potatoes, and lost our primacy as the champion sweet potato state of the Union. Georgia beat us by three million bushels and Alabama by dive million, hut we nearly doubled our Irish potato total in nine years. 0 We also fell behind in peanut produc tion. Georgia beat us by three million bushels and Alabama by ten million bushels but we nearly doubled our hay and forage crops. The gain w’as 85 per cent. Dynamite Logic Georgia and Alabama are boll weevil states, and nothing breaks up farm sys tems like the dynamite logic of dire nec essity. For instance, we had less labor on our Carolina farms last year than we have had in a half century, nevertheless we increased our cotton yield by 200,000 bales and our tobacco total by 143 million pounds. Indeed, we more than doubled this crop in nine years, the gain being 103 percent. It has paid our farmers hand somely to produce their own farm supplies and let other people do the buying. There is unlimited wealth in cotton and tobacco farming on a bread-and-meat ba sis. As a result of this policy we have been able to lay away in bank account savings, liberty bonds, and war stamps 186 million dollars during the last eighteen months. Tlie total is nearly eight times our bank account savings in 1915. Livestock Gains ' 2. We also made gains in our flocks and lierds—slight gains in number but very great gains on the whole in breeds. In detail tliese increases between 1910 and 1919 were as follows: milch cows 6,000 or 2 percent; horses 15,000 or 9 per cent; mules 33,000 or 19 percent; and h»g(i 318,000 or 26 percent. Giir cattle, other than milch cows, were 13,000 or 3 pen:ent fewer, while our sheep were 76,000 or 35 percent fewer. SI ore than a third of our sheep disap- peaied m nine years! Our state-wide dog law has surely come in the pinch of tiiiie. The fact is we are not moving up in iiveHtoek fanning as fast as we ouglit. Gchcr soutlieni states are moving up fast Cl —Mi.ssissippi for instance. In that state, as iu all tlie rest from Georgia west ward, tiio boll weevil has been a blessing iu disguise. The pity of it is that it should take a disiiensatioii of Providence to baUywhack sense into us. W;ll North Carolina wait upon the boll wec /d Scourge before moving up from crop-fariuiug merely or mainly, to the next idgher level of livestock farming ba«‘(1 on feed and forage crops? SOCIAL-WORK CONFERENCE During the coming summer school ses sion of the University of North Carolina a conference will he held for tlie devoted social workers of tiie state—the ministers ajid Sunday school teachers of all denom inations, tlie teacliers wlio desire to be leaders in solving community problems, Red Gross workers, community organiz ers, mill village welfare agents, country Y. M. C. A. secretaries, country health ■woikers, county welfare superintendents, defenders of the home against social vice, and so on and on. The sessions wall begin on Sunday July 13 and last till Sunday night July 20. We sliall be glad to have the thoughtful, big- hearted social servants of the state keep tliese dates in mind—July 13-20—and to be present in large numbers. The subjects under discussion will be: 1. Our Southern Country Church and Sunday Scliool Problems. 2. Country Illiteracy and the Country Church. 3. The Church and our Landless Multitudes. 4. The Social Message of Jesus. 5. Country Y. M. C. A. Work in the South. 6. Child Welfare Work in North Car olina. 7. Mill Village Welfare Problems. 8. The War of Homes Against Social Vice. 9. Rural Health and Sanitation. 10. Red Cross Home Service. 11. Schooling for Citizenship. The Leaders The leaders in these discussions will be as follows: Rev. W. A. Lambeth, High Point; Dr. AV. D. Weatherford, South ern Field Secretary of the College Y. M. C. A’s; Howard Hubbell, Field Secretary Country Y. M. C. A. AAMrk in the South; Mrs, Kate Brew Vaughn, Director State Bureau of Infant Hygiene; Mr. J. McD. Gamewell, General Manager of the Erlanger Mills; Mrs. Clarence A. John son, President N. C. Federation of AA^o- men’s Clubs; Dr. G. M. Cooper, Director of Bureau of Medical Inspection of Schools; Dr. Alexander Johnson, Director Home Service AVork of the American Red Cross AVork in the South; Dr. Henry E. Jack- son, Special Agent in Community Organ ization for the Federal Education Bureau; and E. C. Branson, Rural Economics and Sociology in the University of North Car olina, who directs the Social-Work Con ference in the summer school. Community Organization Dr. Jackson’s addresses on the Prac tice of Citizenship are as follows: (1) The Discovery of the Schoolhouse, (2) The Schoolhouse as the Community Capitol, (3) The Schoolhouse as the Community Forum, (4) The Schoolhouse as a Neigh borhood Club. (5) Community Banking and Buying, (6) How to Organize a Com munity Center. Here are eight days of rich experience for the civic and social-minded people of North Carolina. RemerabeV the dates July 13-20 Detailed programs wdll be mailed out on May 1 and thereafter. DECENT SALARIES We are giving below a table of salaries that are beginning tg be fairly common in the public school systems of the North and AAtest. Think of it! $18,000 a year for a city school superintendent; from $4,000 to $6,000 a year for high school principals; from $2,000 to $3,950 for high school teachers; from $2,100 to $4,000 for ele mentary school principals; and from $1,400 to $1,920 for elementary teachers! And they are not all big cities either. Highland Park, Mich., has fewer than 5.000 inhabitants, wdiile Boulder, Colo., and Ridgeway, N. J., have fewer than 10.000 inhabitants each. Only one southern city is in the list— Lake Charles, La., with 12,000 inhabi tants or so. As for tlie salaries of university presi dents, look at this list: California, $12,000 and residence Illinois, 12,000 and residence Minnesota, 10,000 and residence Cornell, 10,000 and residence Ohio State, 10,000 and residence AA’ashington,10,000 and residence Michigan, 10,000 and no residence A'erily, tliese blarsted, blooming A^ank- ees east and w'est believe in education, and they are willing to pay for it witliout stint! Public School Superintendent; Salary Chicago, 111 $18,000 High Scliool Principals; Maximum salaries Jersey City, N. J $6,000 New A’^ork City 5,000 Boston, Mass 4,212 Bayonne, N. J 4,000 Erie, Pa 4,000 Highland Park, Alich 4,000 Hoboken, N. J 4,000 Mt. A’ernon, N. A' 4,000 Rockford, 111 4,000 Salt Lake City, Utah 4,000 Trenton, N. 1 4,000 UP TO UNCLE SAM Foriner President Taft says it is the duty of tlie United States to become a memlxir of tlie league of nations. If Europe lias the power to force us into war willy-nilly, then Uncle Sain must get a little power to keep Europe out of war willy-nilly.—Houston Post. UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF EDUCATION LETTER SERIES NO. 163 OUR QUESTION High School Teachers; Maximum sal aries Chicago, 111 $3,950 Boston, Alass 3,348 Newark, N. J 3,300 Highland Park, Mich 2,940 Newton, Mass 2,850 Paterson, N. J A 2,800 Holyoke, Alass ... 2,300 Youngstown, Ohio 2,300 Ridgewood, N. J 2,000 Elementary Principals; Maximum sal aries Hartford, Conn $4,000 Jersey City ' 3,700 Boston, Mass 3,540 Highland Park, Alich 3,500 New AMrk City 3,500 Paterson, N. J 3,200 Newton, Mass 2,850 Lake Charles, La 2,200 Ridgewood, N. J 2,100 Elementary Teachers; Maximum sal aries New York City $1,920 Bayonne, N. J 1,900 New Britain, Conn 1,700 Boston, Mass 1,692 Highland Park, Mich 1,560 Minneapolis, Minn 1,550 Bridgeport, Conn 1,450 Boulder, Col 1,400 Great Falls, Mont 1,400 AVhat are we really trying to do in our high schools? Are we trying to give the students there a collection of facts about certain traditional subjects? Are we try ing to prepare a few to go on to a further study of traditional subjects? Are we say ing to ourselves that it is perfectly all right if only one in twenty of those who enter ever remains to graduate? Are we trying to make intellectual cold-storage plants out of a few of our youth and let the rest perish? If we are doing this sort of work, we are misappropriating and misusing the funds given us for high schools. AA’e are failing to make tiie high school function as an instrument of democracy. Changed Conditions PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES Tlie twentieth century has brought us to a new civilization and we must modify our educational theory to meet the changed conditions. In our high schools of today we have all sorts of pupils with all sorts of temperaments, coming from all sorts of homes, endowed with all sorts of abilities, looking forward to all sorts of future occupations and duties in life. Formerly this was not so. Only a se lect few ever went or desired to go be yond the work of the elementary school. They were the select and elect from a sin gle stratum of society preparing for en deavors in a very limited number of ex clusive professions. Do We Meet Them? Since these things are so, we must meet these changed conditions in our social life by changes in our ideas about not only what we shall teach high school pu pils but also about the purposes we shall have in mind and the, methods we shall use in this teaching. Our first task is to develop dependable, honorable, vigorous, straight-thinking, independent citizens out of our boys and girls. If we cannot do it under our pres ent high school organization let’s change the organization. A visiting nurse in every community is a slogan of Surgeon-General Blue of the United States Public Health Service, in his tar-reaching educational health cam paign among the ciyilian population. This campaign, which will continue dur ing the whole summer, began on Health Sunday, February 23, when the appeal of the surgeon-general was read in 115,000 cliiirclies tliroughout the country. An efibrt will be made to place in every com munity, urban and rural, large and small, a nurse whose w'ork is to be simi lar to that of nurses in cantonments, ‘‘to combat disease in general and social dis ease in particular.” Dr. Blue hopes to get the aympatlietic understanding and support of all the women of the country beliind the public- health nurse, as “one of the most vital agents in the struggle against the dis eases wiiich threaten tlie health and prosperity of all of us and the very life of our children, which is the life of the na tion.” Ella Phillips Crandall, executive secre tary of the National Organization of Pub lic Health Nursing, announces an effort to enlist as public healtli nurses from 1.000 to 3,000 of the 20,000 nurses now serving in hospitals overseas. Of the 7.000 jiublic health nurses now at work here only a few hundred specialize in that important part of public health ser vice, the fight against venereal disease. There is great need of more scholarships to enable intelligent women to train them selves for the profession of public health nurses. Such training embraces a wider scope than tliat of ordinary nursing.— The Survey. have been diminished. Sound agricultural practice demands, the department tliinks, the reestablish ment of regular and satisfactory rotations so that fertility may be restored and the livestock carrying capacity of the land in creased. Livestock, since it helps to retain fer tility on the land, provides a profitable use for a large amount of roughage, and gives employment to labor throughout the year, should find a place on a large number of farms. Diversified farming should become more general, to the end that each farm shall produce the necessary food for its family and the necessary feed for its livestock. Loss from preventable plant diseases should be guarded agairtst by seed treat ment and spraying. Harvesting of fruits and vegetables be fore exposure to frost, and greater care during harvesting, packing, storing, and marketing, are urged, together with con tinued organized efforts for the preven tion and control of diseases of animals.— Federal Department of Agriculture. CULTURE FOR CITIZENSHIP AFTER-THE-WAR FARMING Now tliat farming is to be restored to a peace-time basis, the United States de partment of agriculture believes tliat many lands formerly devoted to pasture or meadow but recently used for emer gency grain production should be re seeded to grass. The signing of the armistice found the United States with relatively large sup plies of foods and relatively small supplies of feeds, with mucii land somewhat im poverished Dy having been planted to grain year after year, and with a still ur gent demand for meat and fata. Numbers of all classes .of livestock have been maintained. Those of swine and sheep have been increased, the former largely, the latter slightly. But the quan tities of forage and pasturage for livestock A student of politics who is not also a student of economics is untutored in the essential relations of his sub ject. The great dictum of Harrington that power follows the distribution of property is a fact which finds little or no application in our teaching. A'et Acton could emphasize tlie impossibility of ex plaining political phenomena without its use. John Stuart Mill could use it as the explanation of tlie course of legislative progress in modern society. There are, indeed, few wiio do not know tlie change in perspective since Mr. AA’allas drove the Benthamite psychology out of the political field. But, to take an obvious instance, we cannot explain the very fact of political obedience unless we are fully equipped with the latest knowledge psychology can otier. Do men obey, as Hobbes said, through fear? Is the real basis consent, as with Rousseau; or habit, as with Sir Henry Alaine? The answer to this, and all kindred questions, we sliall only know if we try fully to grasp and cautiously to apply, the things we are being taught by men such as Freud and Jung, McDougall and the beliaviorista. It ought to be understood that no student is equipped for serious political analysis except upon tlie basis of a thorough acquaintance with these studies. AA^e do not use the ten or fifteen funda mental biograpldes in which the wisdom of a decade’s experience is summed up in a single flashing retort—books like Mor- ley’s Gladstone, the letters of Acton, the correspondence of Hamilton or Feet or Bismarck. There, and there only, are tlie real secrets, the play of personality, the searcli for motives, revealed. AA’e make little or no use of speeches; yet a student who reads, to take but a single instance, a day’s debate on the Home Rule Bill of 1914 would know more of tlie NORTH CAROLINA LEADS North Carolina is the one state where the county problem has been taken ser iously. In some ways its counties lead the nation, notably in scientific and up- to date work in public health organization, under Dr. W. S. Rankin, Secretary of the North Carolina State Board of Health. Under the leadership of Professor E. C. Branson of the State University, the peo ple of the state are getting a vision of what county government means and may be made to mean as a great agency of so cial welfare generally. But like leaders in every other state, Professor Branson and his co-workers in the No th Carolina Club have long since found that the complex antiquated ma chinery of county government is a sad obstruction to the better ideals of county citizenship and public service. The Club referred to, which is composed of students at the University hailing from every corner of the state, is spreading the gos pel of better county government through press service and personal influence in a way that should bring important results in a few years. The Year Book of the North Carolina Club, published as Bulletin No. 159 of the University of North Carolina Record, is a notable contribution to the scanty, but growing literature on County Government, and is of nearly as great interest beyond the borders of North Carolina as within the state. In the course of twenty-seven short articles, it covers most of the live and modern aspects or tiie county prob lem. Tlie counties are iu need of just such an examination, and county citizen- sliip in every state needs such devoted leadership as North Carolina is blessed with. The Atear-Book goes to North Caroli nians free and to all others for 75 cents a copy postpaid.—H. S. Gilbertson, Nation al Municipial Review. A GREAT RECORD pith of politics than is to he learned in a dozen textbooks.—Tlie New Republic. During the year 1918 tlie Johnston County Board of Agriculture had a re markable record, holding as it did 115 farmers’ meetings in the county, with a total attendance of around 8,116 people. Tliis is not all. It participated in 18 otiier meetings where there w'ere 1,267 people (iresent, and it worked throughout the year in all those matters ot interest to general farm improvement. For instance, some of the meetings had to do with better livestock; witli rotation of crops; wdth liming the soil; with the establishment of permanent pastures; others took up the question of canning fruit and vegetables for home use; tlie setting out of orcliards and the better care of the fruit trees. Other meetings were held in the interest of wlieat grow ing ; the organization of county and com munity fairs; beautifying the home grounds; looking to the distribution of nitrate of soda, and encouraging the growing of wheat in Johnston county. Greater than any other one thing that it has done has been the elimination of a prevailing indifterence to a better agri culture, and the advertisemant of tlie farms and farmers so that the AAlio’s AA’ho in Johnston County’s Agriculture is well known. All during the year 1918 it aided and promoted the different patriotic drives, and was largely responsible for their suc cess in the rural sections. Mr. Jolinston states that it is not yet perfect, but it is working like a charm and is really ac- conplishing some excellent results from the standpoint of improving farming in the couniy.—F. H. Jeter, Smithfield Herald.
The University of North Carolina News Letter (Chapel Hill, N.C.)
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April 9, 1919, edition 1
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